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A-Z Of 30 Common Ailments

By RAJGOPAL NIDAMBOOR

HealthPrism presents a quick-to-read-and-use information guide on 30 common conditions and symptoms -- just for you!

The information given is, of course, only suggestive -- although you may use them, with effect, when the cause of your symptoms is not serious and likely to be self-limiting, such as a common cold, or an occasional tummy upset.

However, please bear in mind that, in a majority of ailments, your first port of call should be your family physician, or a therapist trained in complementary/alternative/integrative medicine, as the case may be.

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ACNE

Acne -- pimples in common phraseology -- is a universal inflammatory skin disorder.

A common trigger for the cosmetic glitch is an elevation in the body’s production of the sex hormones, especially at puberty. This stimulates the sebaceous glands to produce excess sebum -- the fatty oil that lubricates the skin. As a result, the glands become blocked and inflamed. A source of awkwardness for either sex during the teenage years, acne in its severe form can leave scars and pitting -- or, even suicidal tendencies.

The condition is, of course, not confined to adolescence. It can also affect adults subject to excess stress.

Symptoms : Small pimples and blackheads on the face, shoulders, back or chest. The pimples may be filled with pus, and present with an inflamed, painful cystic appearance.

Things To Do :

• Use over-the-counter [OTC] drying creams and lotions.
• Keep the face absolutely clean.
• Avoid oil-based cosmetics.
• Do not pick or squeeze acne spots -- this can only lead to larger and more inflamed pimples.
• Avoid sunbathing.
• Eat a healthy diet, with good amounts of fibre.
• Consult a physician/therapist, if the problem does not respond to simple measures.

Useful therapies include homeopathy, hydrotherapy, or ayurveda, facial steam treatment, light therapy with UV, relaxation and breathing techniques. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that could help you deal with the problem effectively.

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ANXIETY

A psychological state, characterised by extreme restlessness, or fear, anxiety can affect anyone at any age.

Symptoms : Lethargy, weakness, tiredness, headaches, tension, nervousness, nervous anticipation, irritability, depression, unexplained pains/aches, dizziness, sighing breaths, panic or palpitation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, frequent urination, and sleeplessness.

Things To Do :

• Take homeopathic “anti-anxiety” and “anti-depressant” pills, in consultation with a professional physician.
• Exercise is excellent remedy for anxiety -- especially walking and swimming. Exercise helps release endorphins, the body’s feel-good hormones.
• Practice yoga and meditation regularly for at least 15-20 minutes every day.
• Give up smoking and reduce/avoid alcohol use.
• Seek a specialist’s advice when things seem to go out of control.

Other useful therapies include acupressure, aromatherapy with lavender oil, breathing and meditation, yoga, biofeedback, massage, psychotherapy and counselling. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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BACKACHE

A typical symptom of back pain is often felt in the lower back. This may manifest itself from the spine, muscle, nerve, or other structures in the back. Sometimes, the pain may also radiate from your mid- or upper-back. Problems such as a hernia in the groin, or a testicular ailment, or a problem in the ovaries can also trigger back pain.

Most often, back pain is felt when you --

• Lift a heavy object.
• Move suddenly, or hastily.
• Sit in a particular position for long hours.
• Suffer an injury -- a fall, or an accident.

Symptoms : Symptoms, in general, may be, tingling or burning sensation, accompanied by a dull, aching and/or sharp pain. This may be accompanied by weakness in the legs or feet. It must be understood that any one symptom, or event, could manifest as the underlying cause of back pain. Experts suggest that there is often an accompanying history of having done a few things incorrectly, or improperly, including regular, routine duties such as standing, sitting, or lifting -- all or one of these, over a long period of time. Also, a simple movement gone wrong, or suddenly, can lead to back pain.

Things To Do :

• Try to alleviate your symptoms [using a balm, liniment etc.,] and reduce any inflammation in the area of the pain in the first few days by way of reduced activity.
• Try to sleep in a curled-up, foetal position with a pillow between your legs.
• For those who prefer sleeping on their back, a pillow or rolled towel may be placed under their knees.
• You may apply ice-pack to the painful area, for the first 48-72 hours. Thereafter, you can use heat.
• Please remember that conventional pain-killers should not be used by people who have stomach ulcers, stomach inflammation, or a liver disorder.
• If you do not get relief, in a couple of days, it is time to speak to a doctor.

Other useful therapies include ayurveda, homeopathy, osteopathy, chiropractic, yoga, reflexology etc., Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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COMMON COLD

One of the most common of illnesses, the common cold, or coryza, is a viral infection that affects the lining of the nose, sinuses, throat, and large airways. There are dozens of viruses that cause colds -- the most common being rhinoviruses. Over 200 types of rhinoviruses are implicated in the cause of a cold.

Symptoms : Sneezing. Clear, or watery, secretions -- these discharges can be frustratingly abundant. Secretions slowly become thick, dense, yellowish-green, and less profuse. This may be accompanied by cough in some individuals. Symptoms usually disappear in 4-8 days, while the cough may, sometimes, extend for a fortnight, or more.

Things To Do :

• The best measure is prevention -- and, first-class cleanliness. Because cold viruses are spread through contact with an infected person, anyone living in close proximity, or working closely in an office set up should wash their hands frequently.
• Cold sufferers should always sneeze and cough into tissue, or hanky, which should then be carefully disposed of, or washed.
• Also, drinking fluids and inhaling steam, or mist, from a vaporiser, in the good old way, is useful -- they keep secretions loose and easy to expel.
• Anti-histamine and vitamin c pills may be used to alleviate and hasten recovery time and/or control colds on the advice of your family physician.

Other useful therapies include homeopathy, ayurveda, yoga, and relaxation techniques. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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CONJUNCTIVITIS

This occurs when the conjunctiva, the delicate membrane that covers the whites of the eyes and the inside of the eyelids, becomes inflamed. Dubbed as “pink eye,” most cases of conjunctivitis are caused by bacterial or viral infections, although environmental irritants, foreign body in the eye, tobacco smoke and aerosol sprays may also be implicated. In its infected form, conjunctivitis is highly contagious.

Symptoms : Red, sore eyes with accompanying irritation, and dryness. Also, watery to pus-like discharge, with swelling and puffiness of the eyelids.

Things To Do :

• Do not touch your eyes when you are suffering from the disorder.
• Do not allow others to use your napkin/towels/pillow.
• Use sunglasses, if you find daylight irritating.
• Bathe your eyes in tepid water, and blink your eyes a few times to saturate them.
• Use eye drops to fight infection.
• Consult your eye-doctor if you have any difficulty of vision, or severe pain in the eyes.

Other useful therapies include hydrotherapy using cold compress, aromatherapy, ayurveda, and homeopathy. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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CONSTIPATION

Constipation occurs when you have trouble having bowel movements. In the condition, your stools may become very hard, and you may have some difficulty to pass them. It leads you to strain. You may also sometimes feel that you need to have another bowel movement to clear the residing matter, from your body.

Common causes of constipation are: not heeding to the call to pass stools, not drinking enough fluids, or not eating enough fibre, laidback lifestyle, lack of physical activity, and anxiety. The disorder may also be a result of aging, loss of muscle tone, or pregnancy. Some medications and habitual use of laxatives and iron pills can also lead to constipation.

Symptoms : Infrequent, difficult bowel movement, pain when stools are passed, weight loss, swollen tummy, sometimes headache, followed by lack of appetite, coating on the tongue, and gas.

Things To Do:

• Do not “struggle” or force yourself to have a bowel movement every day.
• Allocate a time for bowel movement. A good time may be after your morning cup of tea/coffee, breakfast, or a meal.
• Eat more fibre: Take 2-4 servings of fruits and 3-5 servings of vegetables a day. Start slowly, if you are not eating/adding enough fibre [e.g., flaxseed] to your diet. This will prevent gas and acidity.
• Drink plenty of fluids -- 8-10 glasses of water a day. You may also take juices, soup, tea, and other non-cola beverages.
• Do not get into the habit of taking laxatives regularly. This is habit-forming and not a good practice.
• Use Isapgol husk, if you so wish: 1 tablespoon, in a glass of water -- last thing before bed-time.
• Exercise and/or get involved in some kind of physical activity. Try yoga and meditation.
• Walk for at least 20-30 minutes, 4-5 times a week.
• When simple measures do not work, speak to your family physician.

Other useful therapies include ayurveda, homeopathy, acupuncture, yoga, reflexology, and massage. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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COUGH

Cough can be a symptom of a mild illness, such as common cold, or involuntary response to clear the air passages of inhaled foreign material. Disorders that can lead to bouts of coughing also include allergy, cold, sinusitis, croup, flu, bronchitis, pneumonia, measles, asthma, whooping cough, or catarrh.

When cough is persistent, and accompanied by chest pain or symptoms such as a fever, it could indicate a prominent respiratory illness.

Most coughs respond well to home remedies. When they don’t, you should lose no time speaking to your family physician.

Things To Do :

• Simple coughs generally respond well to home remedies [holy basil, turmeric etc.,].
• Night coughs can be reduced by simply raising the head of the bed and/or by inhaling jasmine.
• Take carrot juice mixed with honey and some warm water from time to time. It helps.
• Take a cough syrup, if you cannot drink carrot juice.
• When cough is accompanied by fever, difficulty in breathing and sleepiness, consult your doctor.

Other useful therapies include acupuncture, aromatherapy, ayurveda, homeopathy, and relaxation techniques. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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DANDRUFF

This is an extremely common complaint. It occurs when the fine cells in the outer layer of skin on our scalp are shed at a faster rate than normal. This leads to the appearance of flakes of dead skin; this is characteristic of the disorder. When the condition becomes severe, it is often accompanied by red, greasy scaling around the nose, the folds of the cheek, the eyebrows, and the ears. Dandruff is self-limiting; however, certain seasonal changes, emotional stress, and some health affections, may often trigger a flare-up.

Symptoms : Small, white or grey patches on the top of the head, with occasional itching.

Things To Do :

• Naturally formulated/anti-fungal shampoo is one good way of combating dandruff.
• Rosemary shampoo is said to very useful to help clear the problem.
• Consult a doctor when the problem persists and becomes annoying.

Other useful therapies include aromatherapy, massage to improve circulation and blood flow, and homeopathy. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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DIABETES

Diabetes is a disease that arises from the body’s inability to adequately control sugar [glucose] levels in the bloodstream. It is a manageable disorder, but dangerous if left untreated. Millions suffer from diabetes, worldwide, today -- this is five times higher than projected figures a decade ago.

Besides, the incidence of diabetes is increasing rapidly with the disease now approaching heart disease and cancer as a leading cause of premature death, or life-long disability. Needless to say, diabetes is the leading cause of kidney disease and blindness. Also, gangrene. Gangrene is necrosis [death] caused due to obstruction, loss, or reduction of blood supply. It often occurs in a small area, or an entire extremity, or organ. It may be wet or dry.

Symptoms :

• Frequent urination.
• Fatigue.
• Unusual hunger or thirst.

Other symptoms may include hazy vision, unplanned weight loss, prickling or numbness in feet or hands, bad breath, sores that are slow to heal and dry, itchy skin.

Things To Do :

• Healthy eating -- eat more high-carbohydrate [cereals etc.,], high-fibre [vegetables, fruits, and flaxseed], and consume less sugar; cut down on your fat intake, and avoid alcohol.
• Eat regularly so that your blood glucose levels do not swing from one extreme to the other.
• Exercise; especially walking. It is good for you.
• Medications -- pills and/or insulin injections. Take them regularly, on your doctor’s advice.
• Skin and foot care -- a cut or a bruise can lead to delayed healing, and can cause dangerous infections, or complications. So, take care not to get hurt.
• Blood sugar monitoring and control -- you can monitor your own condition with simple home tests.
• A regular healthcare visit to your family doctor is a must to detect damage to the eyes, nerves, or blood vessels.
• Carry an identity card that you are diabetic at all times.

Other useful therapies include ayurveda, homeopathy, yoga, relaxation techniques etc., Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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DIARRHOEA

Diarrhoea is often a symptom of infection, such as dysentery, or a result of inflammatory bowel disease [IBS] -- for example, ulcerative colitis, or inflammation of the colon. In other words, frequent loose, or liquid, bowel movements, accompanied by stomach cramps and gas, are caused when the walls of the intestine do not reabsorb adequate water from the faeces as they pass through the gut.

Although for many of us, a short burst of diarrhoea is often not serious, the resultant loss of fluids and body salts can lead to dehydration, if the bouts are prolonged. Long-standing diarrhoea is often an indication of a more serious disorder -- Crohn’s disease, diverticulitis, or bowel cancer.

It is needless to say that diarrhoeal diseases can quickly reach epidemic scales, if hygiene and sanitation are poor, or in the aftermath of calamities such as floods.

Symptoms : Urgent, explosive, impossible to control watery stools and forceful bowel movements, abdominal cramps, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and flatus.

Things To Do :

• Make sure you drink lots of fluids in the presence of frequent watery stools.
• Drink fruit juice and replace electrolyte loss with salt and sugar, or glucose solution – this is available in commercial packs at your local chemist.
• If a baby is suffering from diarrhoea, and passes watery stools a few times, consult a doctor immediately.
• If diarrhoea persists in adults for more than 40-48 hours, consult a doctor quickly.
• If diarrhoea is caused by infection/bacteria, your doctor will prescribe appropriate therapy.
• In severe cases, investigations, such as colonoscopy, are recommended.

Other useful therapies include acupressure, acupuncture, ayurveda, homeopathy, yoga, and relaxation techniques. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem effectively.

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DIZZINESS

Dizziness is a mixed-up phenomenon. It is caused when the brain receives mixed signals from systems that facilitate our balance.

Put simply, our equilibrium is sustained by the complex web of four systems: the inner ears; the eyes; pressure receptors in the skin, especially in the joints and spine, besides the muscle and joint sensory receptors. This is also called as our spatial point of reference.

Dizziness, motion sickness [e.g., travelling in an airplane, bus, train, or car] and vertigo surface when the central nervous system receives inconsistent communication from the four components cited.

Things To Do :

• If you have simple positional dizziness, simply avoid sudden head movements. This is usually enough to deal with the condition.
• For those whose blood pressure falls when standing, symptoms of dizziness may be avoided by getting or standing up slowly from a seated or lying position.
• If the problem persists, consult your family physician.

Other useful therapies include homeopathy, acupuncture, breathing techniques, yoga, reflexology, massage, and osteopathy. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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EARACHE

Earache can be mild, or extremely painful. The ache is caused due to inflammation of the middle ear. This is called otitis media. The problem can lead to blockages in the ear, and allow secretions to drain away into the nose and throat. Prolonged blockage can lead to rise in pressure in the middle ear and severe pain. Children between ages of six months and three years are most susceptible to earache and ear infections.

Other causes of earache include changes in air pressure [barotrauma] while flying in an airplane, foreign body in the ear, accumulation of wax, dental problems, fluid accumulation in the middle ear, injury, and deafness.

Symptoms : Pain, accompanied sometimes by fever. Partial deafness. Wax or pus may drain from the ear.

Things To Do :

• Self-help measures include the application of a warm compress to the ear.
• Infections are best treated by a doctor.
• It is always ideal for you to consult your doctor, and initiate proper treatment, as quickly as possible.

Other useful therapies include acupressure, massage, ayurveda, and homeopathy. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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ECZEMA

Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, relates to irritation or inflammation of the skin. There are two key categories of eczema. Contact eczema, or exogenous eczema, and atopic eczema, or endogenous eczema. The former occurs when substances, or chemicals, cause annoyance to the skin, and, thereafter, lead to an allergic reaction. The latter, on the other hand, occurs when there is a genetic, or inherited, predisposition to eczema. There are other forms of eczema too. One of the more common forms is allergic contact eczema which develops when the body’s immune system reacts against a substance which makes contact with the skin. For example, some forms of jewellery may cause eczema of the ear lobes, wrists, and nape of the neck.

Symptoms : In contact eczema, a pink or red rash, with or without itching may be present. In atopic eczema, the skin may itch, scale, swell, and also blister. Eczema in infants is often a result of allergy to certain proteins in milk, wheat, and eggs.

Things To Do :

• There are several over-the-counter [OTC] products for eczema available without prescription, viz., emollients, creams, lotions, ointments etc., that ease, soften and “water” the skin. They may all be applied directly to the skin.
• The best time to apply them is soon after bath, when the skin is still slightly moist.
• You may also use oils or washes when you shower, or add them to your bath water.
• Consult your doctor when your simple, first remedies don’t work.

Other useful therapies include homeopathy, acupuncture, relaxation techniques, reflexology, psychotherapy, and counselling. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem effectively.

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EYESTRAIN

Eyestrain can be caused due to prolonged or constant use of a computer, working in artificial light, watching TV for long hours, especially in ill-lit rooms, and reading in dim light.

Symptoms : Difficulty in focusing the eyes, feeling of tightness, and repeated headaches across the forehead and behind the eyes.

Things To Do :

• Take a 10-minute break every hour if you work on a computer, because staring at a computer screen is a common cause of eyestrain.
• Make your workplace vision-friendly; use glare-reduction film.
• Clean your PC monitor/screen frequently.
• While reading, make sure there is adequate light.
• Watch TV, with a side light on. Relax your eyes frequently.
• Use over-the-counter [OTC] eye drops/eyewashes when required.
• If the problem persists, even when you use corrective glasses or contact lenses, speak to your eye-doctor and get your eyes tested.

Other useful therapies are acupressure, ayurveda, and homeopathy. Some practitioners advice the use of Bates Method to re-educate the eyes. Here’s how you’d do it. Hold two pencils at different distances from the eyes. Focus on the first and later on the other.

Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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FAINTING

Fainting is caused due to sudden loss of consciousness, especially in women. It may be a result of fear, emotional shock, or stress. Fainting tends to happen more frequently in warm climes due to a temporary deficit of blood supply to the brain. This could be a result of over-stimulation of the vagus nerve which reduces the flow of blood to the brain. Among other causes that lead to episodes of fainting are prolonged standing, low blood pressure, heart affections, bleeding, and conventional medications used to control high blood pressure.

Symptoms : Sweating, nausea, shallow, rapid breathing, feeble pulse, blurred vision, weakness and confusion, ringing noises in the ear, and pallor.

Things To Do :

• Make the person who has fainted lie flat on the ground and slowly recover. The position helps restore adequate blood supply to the brain.
• Never hold them up -- this is dangerous, because it delays the return of blood circulation to the brain.
• Consult a doctor to rule out serious causal indications, if any, for such spells.

Other useful therapies include acupressure, homeopathy, deep breathing, yoga, and osteopathy. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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HEADACHE

Headaches are most often caused by muscular tension in the head, neck, or shoulders, accompanied by dilation and contraction of blood vessels.

Causes vary, although a majority of headaches occur due to tension, anxiety, stress, fatigue etc., Headaches may also be a symptom of sinusitis, dental problems, high blood pressure, sunstroke, food allergies etc., Not commonly, headaches can be triggered on account of brain conditions, including meningitis, or head injury.

Cluster headaches are headaches that recur on a daily basis -- with heavy smokers and drinkers being the most predisposed.

Symptoms : Pain and throbbing in the head, sensation of a tight band pressing around the head, feeling of pressure at the top of the head, bursting or throbbing, dizziness, along with eye and neck pain.

Things To Do :

• Speak to a doctor, when headaches are frequent.
• Regular exercise and relaxation help in reducing stress-related headaches.
• Most headaches are self-limiting. Consult a doctor if it persists, or becomes unrelenting.

Other useful therapies include homeopathy, acupuncture, acupressure, yoga, massage, and biofeedback. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

The problem with high blood pressure [hypertension] is its “presentation.” The disorder has no obvious symptoms.

Almost one-third of people with high blood pressure do not know they have it. There are, as a matter of fact, scores of people who have had high blood pressure for years without being aware of it.

High blood pressure is a controllable disease. If it is not controlled, it can lead to stroke, heart attack, heart failure, or kidney failure. Hence, it is often called the “silent killer.”

The easiest thing for anyone to do is to have their blood pressure monitored at regular intervals. Besides, you need to get your facts on the problem right -- and, seek professional advice on how to lead a heart-healthy life.

More importantly, it does not take too much of a radical sea-change for you to reduce your risks for heart attack and stroke. Remember -- with proper monitoring by your doctor and/or healthcare provider, along with simple and effective lifestyle changes, you can control high blood pressure quite successfully.

Things To Do :

• First and foremost, if you are hypertensive, try to keep your blood pressure under 140/90 mm Hg. If you can’t, even with medication, speak to your doctor.
• Take your high blood pressure medicines, every day, preferably at a “fixed” time.
• Maintain optimal/appropriate weight.
• Exercise regularly, or get into some physical activity. Include rebounding exercise, on a mini-trampoline, as a daily activity.
• You should also meditate for at least 15-20 minutes a day.
• Reduce or cut down on food high in salt or sodium. Also, avoid packaged food because a majority of them contain sodium.
• If you do not want to annoy your taste buds, use spices and herbs instead of salt to season the food you prepare or eat.
• Incorporate a balanced diet. Avoid overeating, fast, junk, oily foods, and excessive meat.
• Carry an identity card that you are hypertensive at all times.
• Most important -- speak to a doctor/dietician, and plan your nutritional regimen, from time to time, for better results.

Other useful therapies include ayurveda, homeopathy, yoga, relaxation techniques etc., Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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INDIGESTION

Indigestion, or dyspepsia, is a mixed disorder. It includes symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, heartburn -- burning sensation behind the breastbone -- hiccups, belching, and gas. Causes include overeating, eating too quickly, or consuming rich, fatty, or spicy foods. People who smoke, drink, and lead stressful lives, are often prone to the disorder. Prolonged indigestion may be related to serious disorders such as a peptic ulcer, gallstones, or gastroenteritis.

Symptoms : Abdominal distress, nausea, burning sensation [heartburn], hiccups, gas, and bloating.

Things To Do :

• Cut down your caffeine intake, eat slowly, and chew each mouthful.
• Avoid iced drinks with a meal.
• Elevate head of the bed while sleeping.
• Drink licorice tea when you suffer from the problem.
• Over-the-counter [OTC] antacids, followed by lifestyle and dietary changes may help.
• Consult a doctor if you suffer from the disorder on a regular basis.
• Long-standing cases need to be investigated and treated holistically.

Other useful therapies include homeopathy, acupressure, acupuncture, yoga and relaxation techniques. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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INFLUENZA [FLU]

Influenza, or flu, is a viral infection of the respiratory tract. It is transmitted by contaminated droplets, generally through sneezing and coughing. The only problem with the flu virus[es] is that it can quickly adapt and change. Which is why flu vaccines are not as effective -- they may, at best, protect people against specific strains of the disease. Nothing more. Flu lasts for about a week. A typical flu episode is quite like the symptoms of common cold, but with more severity. Aside from sneezing, cough, and fever, flu patients often present with headache, sore throat, distressed breathing, muscular aches and pains.

Symptoms : Fever, with shivering at times, sore throat, cough, sneezing and watery nasal discharge, breathlessness, headache, aching joints, muscle pain, nausea, sleeplessness, depression, and loss of hunger.

Things To Do :

• First and foremost is bed-rest.
• You need to increase your fluid intake.
• Take anti-pyretic medications in consultation with a doctor.
• Some doctors recommend “upping” your intake of vitamin C to hasten the process of recovery from the infection.

Other useful therapies include homeopathy and acupuncture. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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MIGRAINE

Migraine is not fully understood -- the problem can only be controlled, not cured. Migraine is characterised by an intense throbbing, pulsating, or pounding pain in the forehead, temple, ear, jaw, or around the eye -- usually felt on one side of the head. The problem may be triggered by a host of factors, including stress, hormonal changes, late nights, bright lights, loud music, oral contraceptives, smoking, weather changes, and certain foods such as cheese, chocolate, oranges, wheat, and additives, like vinegar. Migraine is more common in women than men; it tends to run in families.

There are two types of migraine -- common and classical. Common migraine is characterised by slow, budding severe headache, lasting for a few hours to a couple of days. The ache is made worse by movement, or noise. Nausea and vomiting may be present.

Classical migraine is presaged by foreboding -- this may include visual disturbances such as temporary loss of vision, double vision, flashes of light, weakness in a limb, unusual taste and smell, tingling, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and aversion to light and external noise.

Things To Do :

• In the presence of a sudden migraine attack, if you had none previously, consult a doctor without delay.
• If the attacks are frequent and severe, medications should be used to ward off attacks at the first sign of an impending “assault” in consultation with your family doctor.

Other useful therapies include acupuncture, biofeedback, homeopathy, and hypnotherapy. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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MOUTH ULCERS

A common problem, mouth ulcers are small, rotund, or oval, sores. They present with a raised yellowish edge, a pale grey base and a thin, inflamed border. They may appear on the inside of the lips, cheeks, or floor of the mouth. Unintentional biting of the side of the mouth or extremely hot food can also cause the problem.

Mouth ulcers may also be caused by stress, viral infections, brushing the teeth too hard, ill-fitting dentures, food allergy, and certain illnesses. Women are often wont to present with mouth ulcers during menstruation.

Symptoms : Pain is often a premonitory symptom. This is followed by ulcerative soreness and sensitivity to hot or spicy food. Discomfort, while chewing or swallowing. Dry mouth, and foul-smelling breath.

Things To Do :

• Antiseptic and anti-inflammatory pastilles/mouthwashes are useful
• Rubbing a fresh slice of ginger on the affected area is useful. A famed antiseptic, ginger alleviates irritation.
• If your mouth ulcers persist, consult a doctor.

Other useful therapies include homeopathy and relaxation techniques to reduce and relieve stress. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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NAUSEA & VOMITING

If vomiting is the body’s natural reaction in response to ingesting harmful substances and/or toxins due to illness, or medications, nausea is the feeling that you are going to vomit. Causes of vomiting are many -- they range from gastric disorders, such as gastroenteritis, migraine, food poisoning, overeating, gallstones, travel sickness, head injury and emotional disturbances to serious medical problems. These include appendicitis, ulcers, meningitis, hepatitis, and so on. Prolonged and persistent nausea may indicate liver disease.

Things To Do :

• A single bout of inconsequential vomiting does not require medical treatment.
• Repeated bouts need investigation and professional medical treatment.
• Simple home remedies that may be used in mild forms of vomiting include chewing fresh ginger slice, and drinking clove, or ginger, tea. Ginger is quite effective in preventing travel and morning sickness [of pregnancy].
• Swallowing some crushed ice is an old remedy to stop vomiting.
• Pregnant women and children should take medications for nausea and vomiting only under the advice/supervision of a physician.

Other useful therapies include acupressure, homeopathy, hypnotherapy, relaxation, and colour therapy. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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OSTEOARTHRITIS

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, bone [joint] disease. It results from a combination of genetic abnormalities and joint injuries.

In the condition, the affected joint experiences a progressive loss of cartilage. Slowly, the bone beneath the cartilage undergoes changes and forms a bony overgrowth [spur]. And, as the tissue that lines the joint becomes inflamed, the ligaments loosen, and the associated muscles flag, the victim experiences pain. The pain is more pronounced when the joint is used.

Symptoms : Symptoms include pain and limited function of the joints. Inflammation of the joints is, essentially, a characteristic feature, followed by joint stiffness, swelling, redness, and a feeling of warmth in the affected area. Tenderness [or, sensitivity to touch] of the inflamed joint may also be present.

Things To Do :

• Exercise affected joints gently -- preferably in water.
• Massage at and around affected joints -- it’s ideal to seek the services of a trained therapist.
• A heating pad, or a damp, warm towel, may be applied on the affected joint/s.
• It’s ideal to maintain appropriate weight, so you do not place extra stress on the joints.
• You may use special equipment like cane, crutches, walker, neck collar, or elastic knee support to protect the joints from overuse. Some experts recommend the use of a fixed seat placed in the bathtub. This enables less stretching while bathing.
• Well-supported shoes, especially sports shoes, are ideal foot wear.

Treatment avenues include conventional medications and pharmaceutical specialities, besides alternative/ayurvedic and ancient herbal remedies and, most importantly, nutritional, or nutraceutical, supplements such as glucosamine and chondroitin.

In realistic terms, the two nutritional supplements -- glucosamine and chondroitin -- are a major advance. They do not merely provide symptomatic pain relief, but they also, coincidentally, reverse the degenerative process of the disease, which medications cannot. Speak to a doctor, and address the problem effectively.

Other useful therapies include ayurveda, homeopathy, yoga, relaxation techniques etc., Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem effectively.

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PSORIASIS

Psoriasis is a non-contagious skin disorder. It presents with characteristic red patches, or plaques which are often covered by silvery scales. The disorder is a product of environmental stressors, or triggers -- stressors fuel the condition in predisposed people. Triggers include throat infections, skin distress such as cuts, bruises or burns, some medications, stressful situations or psychological trauma, smoking and high alcohol intake. Also, psoriasis is more likely in people with a family history of the condition; but, it does not, in any way, spare others.

Symptoms : Psoriasis often produces thickening and reddening of patches of skin. These patches typically occur on the elbows, knees, scalp and lower back. They may have a thick silvery-white scale of dead skin on the surface, which is often itchy. Most people afflicted by the disorder retain it for life. In some patients, psoriasis may also be associated with arthritis -- this can either be mild or severe.

Things To Do :

• Do not scratch or pick at the skin: it may bleed and become infected. Result: psoriasis may expand in that area with a vengeance.
• You would also need to do away with soaps that give you a dry feeling -- it is always best to wash with an aqueous cream or emollient.
• After washing, allow the skin to dry.
• It is also ideal not to irritate the skin by rubbing vigorously.
• It is said that sunlight is good medicine in some patients -- but, it isn’t good in patients who experience pain during exposure.
• Cotton clothing is ideal attire. Avoid rough, synthetic clothes.
• Consult your doctor on a regular basis.

Other useful therapies include acupuncture, homeopathy, hypnotherapy, relaxation, and reflexology. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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SLEEPLESSNESS

The inability to fall asleep, repeated waking through the night, and being unable to sleep again is sleeplessness. The condition is called insomnia, in medical parlance. The disorder may often be caused by worry, emotional stress, exhaustion, anxiety, depression, and fever, alcohol abuse and withdrawal, jet-lag, pain, and drinking coffee/caffeine in excess.

Symptoms : An over-active mind that prevents sleep, or nightmares followed by repeated awakenings, and restlessness. Wakes up in the morning feeling totally unrefreshed.

Things To Do :

• Make your bed comfortable, your room well-ventilated, cool, or warm, depending upon where you live.
• Address problems such as anxiety, and cut out the intake of caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol.
• Sleep at the same time every day.
• Sleeping pills and tranquillisers are not long-term solutions. Consult a doctor if the problem becomes difficult to manage, or persists with daytime sleepiness.

Other useful therapies include homeopathy, massage, hypnotherapy, relaxation and breathing, meditation, and biofeedback. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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SORE THROAT

A problem caused by infection, most sore throats are a direct result of viruses and bacteria. Viral sore throats tend to be mild, while bacterial sore throats are known to present with high fever and pus on the tonsils. Simple sore throats subside within a few days; however, if fever and lethargy persist, it is only imperative to consult a doctor.

Symptoms : Hoarseness, thirst, pain while swallowing, mild fever, enlarged and tender lymph glands in the neck, sometimes accompanied by earache.

Things To Do :

• Analgesics, lozenges, sprays, and antiseptic, or salt water, gargles are useful aids.
• In the presence of bacterial infection, a course of antibiotics, depending upon the intensity of the problem, is often prescribed by your family doctor.
• Consult an ENT specialist, if the problem persists.

Other useful therapies include aromatherapy, ayurveda, homeopathy, and humidifier [hydrotherapy]. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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TENNIS ELBOW

A chronic inflammation at the origin of the extensor muscles of the forearm, tennis elbow, or bursitis, is often caused due to abnormal strain. Despite its name, the condition, as already touched upon, is not necessarily caused by playing tennis. Ask the legendary Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar. The problem, experts observe, is probably caused by the overuse of the muscles that straighten the fingers and the wrist -- e.g., computer use. Pain is often intense around the said region. Besides, the pain may eventually radiate up the upper arm as well as down the outer side of the forearm.

Symptoms :

• Gradually increasing pain on the outer side of the elbow.
• Pain is strongly felt when someone presses on the “affected” area.
• Bending the wrist upwards against pressure often hurts, especially around the protrusion of the bone [outer elbow].
• Pain radiating up into the upper arm and down along the outer side of the forearm.
• Weakness in the wrist. This makes it difficult for one to do things that require power in the hand. No wonder, the problem badly affected Tendulkar, a few years ago, as far as his free-stroking abilities were concerned.

Things To Do :

• Pain, to begin with, may be relieved by applying an ice-pack wrapped in cloth. This is done to avoid contact with the skin. The ice-bag can be applied for 20- 30 minutes at a time, at least 2-3 times daily.
• The arm should be rested. Also, any movement that causes pain should be avoided.
• You may also place a slice or two of the grand old, kitchen remedy -- ginger -- in your mouth to relieve the pain caused by the problem. Ginger is nature’s very own anti-inflammatory prescription; it has been praised in ancient medicine and is a now well-established medicinal herb.
• Stretching exercises are useful.
• It is, however, a good idea to always first consult a doctor, who can help manage your problem best.

Other useful therapies include acupuncture, homeopathy, ayurveda, and hydrotherapy. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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TONSILLITIS

Inflammation of the tonsils is called tonsillitis. The tonsils are two small sets of lymph tissue at the back of the throat. The problem, caused by either a virus or bacteria, is common during childhood, although the disorder can occur at anytime. Infectious in nature, tonsillitis takes about 3-6 days to develop. When infected, the tonsils become red and swollen. Flecks of white or yellow pus appear on the surface. Sometimes, the nodules [adenoids] at the back of the nose may become infected and inflamed. Tonsillitis can also occasionally cause quinsy [abscess], and rarely inflammation of the kidneys and rheumatic fever.

Symptoms : Sore throat, pain on swallowing, swollen and tender neck glands, headache, earache, lethargy, foul breath, white-coating on tongue, accompanied by fever at times.

Things To Do :

• Most cases usually resolve within two days. The best thing to do during this time is to take rest, drink plenty of fluids, and drink hot lemon tea with honey.
• Take vitamin C and cod liver oil capsules to hasten the healing process.
• If symptoms persist, and if you expel phlegm, develop red rashes, or your child becomes pale, and exhausted, and does not drink adequate fluids to pass urine, consult your family doctor, quickly.

Other useful therapies include homeopathy and aromatherapy. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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TOOTHACHE

A painful or aching tooth is often a symptom of an underlying dental problem, most notably dental caries [tooth decay]. It results when bacteria in plaque react with sugary and other foods to produce acids. This can further lead to reduction of tooth enamel. If left untreated, tiny cavities can expand and destroy a whole tooth and/or lead to abscess.

Symptoms : Sensitivity to hot/cold drinks, pain while biting, swelling and inflammation of the gums, and sometimes bleeding.

Things To Do :

• Apply clove oil to the affected tooth. This will reduce pain and inflammation.
• Take a mild analgesic and consult your dentist, as soon as possible.

Other therapies include acupressure, acupuncture, ayurveda, and homeopathy. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.

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VERTIGO

Vertigo is a gyrating sensation; it is not dizziness, or what is referred to, in common parlance, as light-headedness. More often than not, vertigo indicates a viral infection of the inner ear. In certain instances, it can also signify a problem in the brain. Vertigo can be mild; it can also be severe, in which case the affected person may plummet to the ground. The commonest form of vertigo is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo [BPPV]). The condition can be occur with the most trivial of movements -- e.g., shifting your position on the cot.

Symptoms : Nausea, vomiting, ringing in the ear, and progressive deafness.

Things To Do :

• Simple vertigo resolves on its own in a few days.
• During vertigo, from any cause, rest and lie still.
• It is also better to avoid sudden changes in your position as well as bright lights.
• You need to exert caution while driving, or using machinery.
• Some forms of vertigo can be reduced by physical therapy.
• When vertigo persists, it is time you spoke to your doctor.

Other useful therapies include acupuncture, homeopathy, ayurveda, yoga, and meditation. Speak to a therapist in the relevant area, and evaluate options that can help you deal with the problem more effectively.